How to keep your food safe during a power outage

By John Lovett
University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station

FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. — Food safety is on the minds of many Arkansans this week, with over 72,000 customers losing power during the icy weather.

FOOD SAFETY — Frozen food stored in a freezer after a power outage may remain safe from developing food-borne pathogens for up to 48 hours. (U of A System Division of Ag photo by John Lovett)

The food safety clock is ticking on their food in fridges and freezers. For many, it may already be too late to save. Perishable foods with temperatures above 40 degrees or below 140 degrees are in what food scientists call the “danger zone,” where pathogens like Listeria and Staphylococcus multiply rapidly.

There were more than 52,000 customers still without power in Arkansas Friday morning, according to PowerOutage.us, with most of those being in Jefferson County. Entergy, a primary provider in Arkansas, showed no electrical power with 33,321 customers at noon Friday. Brandi Hinkle, an Entergy spokesperson, said 2,800 crew members were working to restore power and they expected most of their customers to be reconnected by 10 p.m. Friday.

“There are serious consequences to your health if you eat contaminated food,” said Philip Crandall, professor of retail food safety for the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. “Follow the precautionary principle. When in doubt, throw it out.”

Food should not be tasted to determine its safety, he added.

Listeria monocytogenes has a mortality rate of 16 percent, and Staphylococcus aureus produces a toxin that typical cooking temperatures do not destroy, Crandall said.

“Once staph grows and produces its toxin in food, you could boil it for 30 minutes and still get sick if you eat it,” Crandall said.

Crandall said Listeria monocytogenes could grow to an infective dose at refrigerated temperatures, albeit slowly, and is particularly deadly to very young children and senior citizens.

After the power is out, most refrigerators will keep food safe for up to four hours. If the door remains closed, foods in a full freezer will stay safe for up to 48 hours or 24 hours in a half-full freezer after losing power. According to this Arkansas Emergency Preparedness Resources website, transferring perishable foods from the fridge to the freezer is one option to keep them below 40 degrees longer.

Dry ice or block ice may also be used to keep temps down in a freezer. Fifty pounds of dry ice should hold an 18-cubic-foot freezer for two days. Remember, do not touch dry ice with bare hands or place it in direct contact with food.

Crandall recommends monitoring temps with an appliance thermometer placed inside the freezer or fridge.

An ice chest may also keep foods safe if there are enough ice or gel packs to keep the food at or below 40 degrees.

Crandall said that being prepared to save the food before it becomes a food safety issue is the best course of action. Having a source of back-up power to operate freezers and fridges is optimal. If the temperature outside is below freezing, it may also be stored outside in a location protected from pests until power is restored.

Download the fact sheet Planning for Food After a Disaster for additional information on food handling.

Crandall is also part of the Center for Food Safety at the experiment station, the research arm of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The Center for Food Safety's mission is to discover practical, evidence-based solutions to food safety issues within Arkansas and beyond through research, innovation and collaboration between the public and private sectors.

For more information on food health safety, contact your local Cooperative Extension Service agent. The extension service’s health specialist is Bryan Madder, and the nutrition specialists are Josh Phelps and Christine Sasse.

FoodSafety.gov also offers a guide to evaluate what foods may be kept or thrown out after a power outage.

To learn more about Division of Agriculture research, visit the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station website: https://aaes.uada.edu. Follow on Twitter at @ArkAgResearch. To learn more about the Division of Agriculture, visit https://uada.edu/. Follow us on Twitter at @AgInArk. To learn about extension programs in Arkansas, contact your local Cooperative Extension Service agent or visit www.uaex.uada.edu.

Ice storm recovery: Assess the damage safely

By Mary Hightower
U of A System Division of Agriculture

LITTLE ROCK —  Even though the ice storm has passed, some of its dangers haven’t.

Some parts of Arkansas received three rounds of wintry weather this week. The National Weather Service at Little Rock said parts of the north Arkansas received 1 to 2 inches of sleet. Across the central part of the state,  from Oklahoma to the Mississipppi River, freezing rain dropped more than a quarter inch of ice.

Wintry precipitation plagued the southern half of the state Wednesday into Thursday. Some 72,000 people across southern Arkansas were without power on Thursday.

The ice and sleet weighed heavily on trees, arching pines and in some cases, breaking trees. Adding to the danger is saturated soil from melting ice,  making it easier for top-heavy trees to fall.

DOWNED — Tree made top-heavy by ice tumbled into the side of a house in Pulaski County. The tree was uprooted as soils became saturated. (U of A System Division of Agriculture photo)

Sounds like an artillery range
Bear State Tales podcaster Matt Manos of Star City described the “steady rumble of tree and large limbs falling south side of Lincoln County” in his @PJMountexplorer Twitter account. With an image of an ice-covered tree falling across a road, he said “’we have moved to the 'sounds like an artillery range’ portion of the ice storm in Lincoln County.” His video snippet of a large falling limb makes the point.

What next?
As the weather clears, homeowners and landowners will be out assessing their properties for potential damage.

First, “stay away from power lines,” said Vic Ford, a forester who heads extension’s agriculture and natural resources for the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. “Report them to the local utility and let the professionals take care of them.”

The next step is to “do a hazard assessment for damaged trees,” said Kyle Cunningham, extension forester for the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. “What targets are in the path if a tree or limb falls? Injured trees that pose high threats to humans or structures should be dealt with first.

“If the threat to nearby targets is not as significant, removal of those stems can be completed at a more convenient time,” Cunningham said. “Tree removal should include professional assistance, preferably from a certified arborist.”

Cunningham said property owners also need to “evaluate how severe the injury to the tree is.”

“Should I remove the injured portion of the tree or the entire tree? The answer to this question is best answered by an arborist,” he said. “Some rules-of-thumb are that if you can remove less than one-quarter of the tree crown, limb removal will likely not significantly impact tree health. If you must remove greater than one-quarter of the tree crown, risk to tree health, vigor and structural soundness may become questionable.”

What about the bent trees?

“Small trees may appear to permanently bent but research has shown that small trees have an amazing ability to straighten in a few months,” Ford said.

Ford said broken branches should be evaluated when it is safe to examine them. 

“Cutting the broken branches if still attached and trimming up the stub may ensure tree health for the future,” he said.

“The time to remove branches that may cause damage is not during the storm, but way before any storm hits,” Ford said. “Examine the large branches and remove them if they can damage property if they fall. Dead branches should always be removed. A licensed arborist is the best bet to determine proper care of large trees.”

The Cooperative Extension Service has a page dedicated to disaster recovery, including dealing with trees.

To learn about extension programs in Arkansas, contact your local Cooperative Extension Service agent or visit www.uaex.uada.edu. Follow us on Twitter and Instagram at @AR_Extension. To learn more about Division of Agriculture research, visit the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station website: https://aaes.uada.edu. Follow on Twitter at @ArkAgResearch. To learn more about the Division of Agriculture, visit https://uada.edu/. Follow us on Twitter at @AgInArk.