For Moore’s operation, tilling is now confined to smaller 20- to 40-acre plots — areas where he conducts row irrigation.
“My dad, Edward Moore, who’s in his late 60s, has been on the tractor all his life. He’s from that generation where you till everything,” Moore said. “He gets those little 20s and 40s and he’s like the kid in the candy store.”
Like Hart, Moore appreciates that the no-till residue “might slow the evaporation some,” even if it doesn’t protect against a two-month-long drought. He’s also good at keeping soil temperatures a little cooler in the summer, though in spring that same effect “kind of stunts the corn a little.”
Benefits to farmers
Trent Roberts, professor of soil fertility-soil testing, said both cover crops and use of no-till can be beneficial.
“I believe the biggest benefit from cover crops and increased soil health is input reduction,” Roberts said. “Very few producers will see an increase in yield on irrigated ground, but many see yield increases in non-irrigated ground.”
For farmers, “inputs” include items such as fertilizer, irrigation, fuel, seeds and herbicides.
However, “after several years of cover crops and no-tillage, farmers are able to reduce inputs while maintaining yields — therefore increasing profitability,” Roberts said.
Roberts said that “no-till reduces fuel, labor and tractor wear, which is huge and almost always more than covers the costs associated with the cover crops.”
“In many places, farmers are reducing the number of times they have to irrigate from six to eight times down to three to four times, which is a huge cost and water savings,” Roberts said.
Weed management
No- and low-till systems can help farmers manage weeds, said Tom Barber, a weed scientist who is extension’s interim head of agriculture and natural resources for the Division of Agriculture.
“Cotton and soybean farmers seem to be the most interested in cover crops for various reasons,” he said. “We have several years of data showing that cover crops, specifically cereal rye can be a very effective cultural practice to manage multiple herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth, better known as pigweed. Cover crops such as cereal rye also aid water infiltration into the soil and prevent wind/sand damage when cotton and soybean are in seedling growth stages.
“No-till is not as common as reduced tillage across the state, but both can help reduce weed emergence,” Barber said. The downside is that no-till systems rely mainly on herbicides for weed control, especially if a cover crop is not planted.
“This significantly increases herbicide applications and exposure and thus, aids in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds, therefore it becomes more critical to utilize cover crops on these no-till acres,” he said.
If farmers are considering shifting to no-till production practices, proactive management plans for troublesome herbicide-resistant weeds such as pigweed should be in place prior to making a major shift in current production practices.
Find more information about using cover crops online.
The Census of Agriculture, published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service, offers a very broad snapshot of the farming sector in its 757 pages. The latest version, 2022 Census of Agriculture, was released Feb. 13. The previous version was released in 2017.
To learn about extension programs in Arkansas, contact your local Cooperative Extension Service agent or visit www.uaex.uada.edu. Follow us on X and Instagram at @AR_Extension. To learn more about Division of Agriculture research, visit the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station website: https://aaes.uada.edu. Follow on X at @ArkAgResearch. To learn more about the Division of Agriculture, visit https://uada.edu/. Follow us on X at @AgInArk.